Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) 3D Printing

At Yicen Precision, our Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) workflow is designed for maximum accuracy, repeatability, and efficiency, ensuring every part meets both dimensional and functional requirements. The process follows these key steps:

CAD Design and Pre-Processing

Every MJF project begins with a detailed 3D CAD model. Our engineers review the design for manufacturability, adjusting geometries, wall thicknesses, and support structures to optimize for MJF printing. We also use nesting software to arrange parts in the build volume for maximum efficiency and minimal material waste.

Powder Layering

The MJF printer spreads a thin, even layer of nylon-based powder (typically PA 12 or PA 11) across the build platform. At Yicen Precision, we maintain precise layer thickness as fine as 80 microns to ensure superior resolution and detail.

Agent Application

An inkjet array selectively deposits fusing agents where the material needs to solidify and detailing agents where crisp edges or fine features are required. This dual-agent approach allows for high accuracy and isotropic mechanical properties in the final part.

Infrared Fusion

Infrared lamps pass over the layer, activating the fusing agents and bonding the powder particles into a solid cross-section. This process is repeated layer by layer until the complete part geometry is built.

Cooling and Depowdering

Once printing is complete, the build unit is transferred to a cooling station to prevent thermal distortion. The cooled parts are then carefully removed, and excess powder is reclaimed and processed for reuse at an optimal refresh rate.

Post-Processing and Quality Control

Depending on the application, Yicen Precision offers bead blasting, dyeing, coating, or machining for a refined finish. All parts undergo dimensional inspection, surface quality checks, and functional testing to ensure compliance with client specifications.

What Challenges Exist in MJF and How They’re Solved?

MJF delivers speed, strength, and precision; it also presents certain production hurdles from material handling to surface quality that can be effectively addressed through process optimization and advanced post-processing techniques.

Limited Color Options for Final Parts

Challenge: MJF parts are typically produced in shades of gray or black due to the powder fusing process, limiting aesthetic variety without additional finishing.
Solution: Manufacturers solve this by using dyeing, painting, or coating methods to expand the color palette, while ongoing R&D explores integrated multi-color printing capabilities for future MJF systems.

Powder Recycling and Material Efficiency

The Challenge: Although MJF reuses unfused powder, repeated recycling can degrade material properties, reducing part strength and consistency.
Solution: Optimizing the refresh rate the ratio of new powder to recycled powder ensures material integrity. Some operations also integrate automated powder handling systems to minimize waste.

Cooling Time and Production Delays

Challenge: After printing, MJF parts require extended cooling periods to prevent warping or deformation, which can slow down production schedules.
Solution: Adopting modular build units allows new jobs to start while previous batches cool, effectively overlapping production cycles and boosting throughput without compromising quality.

Surface Finish Limitations

Challenge: While MJF produces smoother surfaces than some 3D printing methods, parts can still have a slightly grainy texture due to the powder-based process.
Solution: Post-processing techniques such as bead blasting, chemical smoothing, or coating application can achieve a polished, consumer-grade finish without altering part dimensions.

High Initial Equipment Investment

Challenge: MJF systems have a high entry cost, which can deter small-scale manufacturers from adoption.
Solution: Many businesses partner with dedicated MJF service providers, allowing them to access the technology without direct capital expenditure, while benefiting from expert operation and maintenance.